Federico Cantú 1907-1989 Mexican Artist
Born in 1907 in Cadereyta de Jimenez, Nuevo León, Federico Cantú was a prodigious talent who with barely fourteen years of age began his artistic career. In 1922 he enrolled at Alfredo Ramos Martínez, a newly established experimental school in Coyoacán, Mexico City. There he learned from his teacher's impressionistic techniques and before long he began working as an assistant to Diego Rivera, who newly arrived from Europe and was about to unleash an extravagant mural project that would change Mexico City and propel the careers of numerous artists.
Mexican philanthropist
and intellectual Raúl Rangel Frías eloquently described Federico Cantu's colors as full of
lyrical emotions, his luminous reds and greens create and add substance to the immaterial assets of the painting. Indeed, he believed the artist had a magic touch that enable him to endow his pigments with life. More importantly, he considered Cantu's way of painting, even as a young artist, full of energy as the delicate lines of his compositions conveyed rhythmic design.
However, Cantú did not stay long in Mexico City and sailed for Paris in 1924 where he lived a bohemian lifestyle for almost a decade. Almost immediately after his arrival, he found himself amid all the avant-garde luminaries such as Pablo Picasso, Mateo Hernández, José Decrefft , Lino Eneas Spilimbergo, Gino Severini , Tsugouharu Foujita, the surrealists André Breton, Paul Eluard, José Moreno Villa, Cesar Vallejo, Antonion Artaud (who lived in Mexico in Cantu's house in 1936) and others.
While living in Paris, Cantú goes to California to have his first big art exhibition where his Madonnas and Virgins were displayed. The devotion to the sacred art is a constant theme in his work since his days at Escuela al Aire Libre de Coyoacán, increasing gradually until 1928 when Cantú painted his first mural in Pasadena in which he included the figure of the "Cristo Negro".
In the manner of Botticelli, Cantú portrayed the Madonna, as well as the "Descanso en la Huida a Egipto", where the Virgin and the Child are the central figures. The series of ink drawings in Cantú's sketchbooks also narrate a lot of biblical themes where, in the young artist's mind, woman represent a duality, which in one hand represents a symbol of fertility and in the other a symbol of eroticism.
Federico Cantú said on his return to Paris in 1930: "I found that my atelier had been leased and the works were sold to the highest bidder. I must have lost thousands of paintings including drawings, sculptures, sketches and oils".
At that time Federico did not imagine that although he arrived back in Paris with the idea of completing the ten-year cycle he had begun in 1924, his work would be soon once more lost because, as told by Antonin Artaud in his 1936 visit to Mexico, France was faced by the uncertainty of another war.
When Cantu returned to Mexico, he had extraordinary art exhibitions together with Diego Rivera, Rufino Tamayo, Jose Clemente Orozco and Doctor Atl. Soon after he painted the Le Papillon.
The portable mural "Life, passion and death of the harlequin" (Papillon Bar, 1934), reflects the bohemian spirit of Montparnasse. The figure of the harlequin accompanied by female nudes, was a result of the immense inspiration Cantú acquired from his time in Paris.
A year later Cantu starts a long exhibition career in California at the Stendahl Galleries where Picasso's "Guernica" was also displayed at the same time.
Throughout his life, Federico was attracted to the world of mythology, as demonstrated by two of his earliest paintings: Ícaro (1926) and Orféo (1926).
Cantú, as a tireless engraver and sculptor, recreates scenes and characters taken from the Greco-Roman and Mesoamerican mythology, describing myths and narrating religious stories while including Catholic iconography.
Federico Cantú carries on the religious theme by painting years later the "Purísima Church in Monterrey", the "Parish Church of San Miguel de Allende", the "Former Convent of San Diego" and the "Capilla de los Misioneros de Guadalupe" in Mexico City, and of course in the Collection of Paintings located in the Vatican Museums.
Cantú's work also shows a series of mythological figures such as Ulysses, Apollo, Diana, Nestor, Cassandra, Eurydice, the Minotaur, Penelope, and mythical creatures like centaurs, unicorns, fauns and muses.
With the fusion of narrative and history, Federico Cantú becomes a grand master of artistic engravings. The plates, delicately worked from an ink drawing with astonishing freehand strokes, constitute the extraordinary testimony of a life dedicated to art, engraved for eternity on plates of copper, zinc, gold, silver, steel and stone.
Adolfo Cantú
Mexico City, December 2022
Cantú Y de Teresa Collection
